{"id":15277,"date":"2020-10-27T15:54:48","date_gmt":"2020-10-27T15:54:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/transfergo.wpengine.com\/7-pasi-pentru-a-deschide-o-firma-in-spania"},"modified":"2025-03-24T10:13:18","modified_gmt":"2025-03-24T10:13:18","slug":"deschidere-firma-in-spania-pasi-importanti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/develop.wpvip.tgalpha.com\/ro\/deschidere-firma-in-spania-pasi-importanti","title":{"rendered":"7 pa\u0219i pentru a deschide o firma in Spania"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Dac\u0103 \u00ee\u021bi dore\u0219ti s\u0103 \u00ee\u021bi \u00eencepi o <strong>afacere \u00een Spania<\/strong>, procesul este mai accesibil dec\u00e2t ai crede, mai ales pentru cet\u0103\u021benii din Uniunea European\u0103. Indiferent dac\u0103 vrei s\u0103 te lansezi ca antreprenor individual sau s\u0103 deschizi un <strong>SRL \u00een Spania<\/strong>, ai nevoie doar de o bun\u0103 organizare \u0219i de urmarea unor pa\u0219i clari \u0219i bine defini\u021bi. \u00cen 2025, legisla\u021bia spaniol\u0103 men\u021bine un cadru prietenos pentru ini\u021biativa antreprenorial\u0103, ceea ce face ca tot mai mul\u021bi rom\u00e2ni s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i deschid\u0103 propria firm\u0103 \u00een Spania.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen acest articol, \u00ee\u021bi prezent\u0103m etapele esen\u021biale pentru a \u00eenfiin\u021ba o <strong>firm\u0103 \u00een Spania<\/strong>, op\u021biunile disponibile, cerin\u021bele legale \u0219i recomand\u0103rile utile pentru un start de succes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><h2>Cuprins<\/h2><nav><ul><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#1-alegerea-formei-juridice-potrivite\">1. Alegerea formei juridice potrivite<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#2-ob\u021binerea-certificatului-de-denumire-certificacion-negativa\">2. Ob\u021binerea certificatului de denumire (Certificaci\u00f3n negativa)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#3-capitalul-social\">3. Capitalul social<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#4-ob\u021binerea-nif-ului-numarul-de-identificare-fiscala\">4. Ob\u021binerea NIF-ului (Num\u0103rul de identificare fiscal\u0103)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#5-semnarea-actului-constitutiv-la-notar\">5. Semnarea actului constitutiv la notar<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#6-inregistrarea-firmei-la-registrul-comer\u021bului\">6. \u00cenregistrarea firmei la Registrul Comer\u021bului<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#7-inregistrarea-fiscala-\u0219i-alte-documente-contabile\">7. \u00cenregistrarea fiscal\u0103 \u0219i alte documente contabile<\/a><ul><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1-alegerea-formei-juridice-potrivite\">1. Alegerea formei juridice potrivite<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Primul pas \u00een demararea unei <strong>afaceri \u00een Spania<\/strong> este alegerea formei legale sub care va func\u021biona. Printre op\u021biunile cele mai frecvente se num\u0103r\u0103:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Aut\u00f3nomo<\/strong> \u2013 echivalentul PFA-ului rom\u00e2nesc, ideal pentru freelanceri, liber-profesioni\u0219ti \u0219i mici antreprenori. Se \u00eenfiin\u021beaz\u0103 rapid, are costuri mai mici \u0219i ofer\u0103 flexibilitate \u00een gestiunea afacerii.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Societate cu r\u0103spundere limitat\u0103 (SRL)<\/strong> \u2013 forma preferat\u0103 pentru companiile cu parteneri sau care implic\u0103 un risc mai mare. Necesit\u0103 un capital social minim \u0219i o structur\u0103 administrativ\u0103.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>SLNE<\/strong> (Sociedad Limitada Nueva Empresa) \u2013 o form\u0103 simplificat\u0103 a SRL-ului, destinat\u0103 \u00een special firmelor nou \u00eenfiin\u021bate.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>SA (Sociedad An\u00f3nima)<\/strong> \u2013 recomandat\u0103 pentru afaceri mari, cu un num\u0103r mare de ac\u021bionari \u0219i un capital social de minim 60.000\u20ac.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen majoritatea cazurilor, deschiderea unui Aut\u00f3nomo este cea mai practic\u0103 solu\u021bie pentru \u00eenceput. Costurile sunt reduse, se poate \u00eenfiin\u021ba \u00een aceea\u0219i zi \u0219i \u00ee\u021bi permite s\u0103 angajezi personal, s\u0103 emi\u021bi facturi \u0219i s\u0103 beneficiezi de anumite reduceri fiscale \u00een primul an de activitate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-ob\u021binerea-certificatului-de-denumire-certificacion-negativa\">2. Ob\u021binerea certificatului de denumire (Certificaci\u00f3n negativa)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Acest document certific\u0103 faptul c\u0103 denumirea aleas\u0103 pentru firm\u0103 este unic\u0103 \u0219i nu este folosit\u0103 deja de o alt\u0103 entitate. Este un pas obligatoriu pentru orice tip de <strong>firm\u0103 \u00een Spania<\/strong>. Se poate solicita:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>online, pe site-ul Registrului Comer\u021bului spaniol,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>personal la biroul provincial,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>sau prin po\u0219t\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Este recomandat s\u0103 ai 2-3 variante de denumiri preg\u0103tite, \u00een caz c\u0103 prima nu este disponibil\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-capitalul-social\">3. Capitalul social<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen func\u021bie de forma juridic\u0103 aleas\u0103, este posibil s\u0103 fie nevoie s\u0103 depui un capital social minim \u00eentr-un cont bancar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pentru <strong>SRL<\/strong>, suma minim\u0103 este de 3.000\u20ac.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pentru <strong>SA<\/strong>, capitalul necesar este de 60.000\u20ac.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pentru <strong>Aut\u00f3nomo<\/strong>, nu este necesar niciun capital social.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Este important ca aceast\u0103 sum\u0103 s\u0103 fie justificat\u0103 printr-un certificat bancar, care va fi folosit \u00een procesul de \u00eenregistrare oficial\u0103 a firmei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"4-ob\u021binerea-nif-ului-numarul-de-identificare-fiscala\">4. Ob\u021binerea NIF-ului (Num\u0103rul de identificare fiscal\u0103)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Toate firmele din Spania trebuie s\u0103 aib\u0103 un <strong>NIF<\/strong>. Acesta se solicit\u0103 de la <strong>Agencia Tributaria<\/strong> (Agen\u021bia Fiscal\u0103). Ini\u021bial, se ob\u021bine un NIF provizoriu pe baza urm\u0103toarelor documente:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>formularul oficial 036,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>copie a actului constitutiv,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>statutul firmei.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ulterior, \u00een maximum 6 luni, trebuie solicitat NIF-ul definitiv. F\u0103r\u0103 acest num\u0103r nu se pot desf\u0103\u0219ura activit\u0103\u021bi comerciale sau contabile legale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"576\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/develop.wpvip.tgalpha.com\/ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/deschidere-firma-in-spania-pasi-importanti-1.jpg?resize=1024,576\" alt=\"deschidere-firma-in-spania-pasi-importanti\" class=\"wp-image-170722\" srcset=\"https:\/\/develop.wpvip.tgalpha.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/deschidere-firma-in-spania-pasi-importanti-1.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/develop.wpvip.tgalpha.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/deschidere-firma-in-spania-pasi-importanti-1.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https:\/\/develop.wpvip.tgalpha.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/deschidere-firma-in-spania-pasi-importanti-1.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https:\/\/develop.wpvip.tgalpha.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/deschidere-firma-in-spania-pasi-importanti-1.jpg?resize=1024,576 1024w, https:\/\/develop.wpvip.tgalpha.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/deschidere-firma-in-spania-pasi-importanti-1.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"5-semnarea-actului-constitutiv-la-notar\">5. Semnarea actului constitutiv la notar<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Actul constitutiv este documentul care stabile\u0219te structura companiei, obiectul de activitate, contribu\u021biile fiec\u0103rui asociat \u0219i modalit\u0103\u021bile de func\u021bionare. Pentru un <strong>SRL \u00een Spania<\/strong>, acesta trebuie semnat de c\u0103tre to\u021bi asocia\u021bii \u00een prezen\u021ba unui notar public.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Notarul autentific\u0103 actul \u0219i \u00eel \u00eenainteaz\u0103 c\u0103tre Registrul Comer\u021bului pentru \u00eenscrierea firmei \u00een eviden\u021bele legale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"6-inregistrarea-firmei-la-registrul-comer\u021bului\">6. \u00cenregistrarea firmei la Registrul Comer\u021bului<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pasul urm\u0103tor este \u00eenscrierea companiei \u00een <strong>Registrul Comercial (Registro Mercantil)<\/strong> al provinciei \u00een care se afl\u0103 sediul social. Aceasta confer\u0103 firmei personalitate juridic\u0103 \u0219i dreptul de a opera legal \u00een Spania.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dup\u0103 \u00eenregistrare, firma va primi un certificat de \u00eenmatriculare \u0219i va fi inclus\u0103 \u00een baza de date oficial\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"576\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/develop.wpvip.tgalpha.com\/ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/deschidere-firma-in-spania-pasi-importanti.jpg?resize=1024,576\" alt=\"deschidere-firma-in-spania-pasi-importanti\" class=\"wp-image-170733\" srcset=\"https:\/\/develop.wpvip.tgalpha.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/deschidere-firma-in-spania-pasi-importanti.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/develop.wpvip.tgalpha.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/deschidere-firma-in-spania-pasi-importanti.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https:\/\/develop.wpvip.tgalpha.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/deschidere-firma-in-spania-pasi-importanti.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https:\/\/develop.wpvip.tgalpha.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/deschidere-firma-in-spania-pasi-importanti.jpg?resize=1024,576 1024w, https:\/\/develop.wpvip.tgalpha.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/deschidere-firma-in-spania-pasi-importanti.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"7-inregistrarea-fiscala-\u0219i-alte-documente-contabile\">7. \u00cenregistrarea fiscal\u0103 \u0219i alte documente contabile<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Este obligatoriu s\u0103 te \u00eenregistrezi fiscal pentru a pl\u0103ti impozitele aferente activit\u0103\u021bii comerciale. Asta implic\u0103:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>declararea activit\u0103\u021bii la Agen\u021bia Fiscal\u0103,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ob\u021binerea codurilor de activitate corespunz\u0103toare,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>achizi\u021bionarea registrelor contabile (caiet de inventar, carte zilnic\u0103 etc.) de la Registrul Comer\u021bului.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Dac\u0103 ai angaja\u021bi, trebuie s\u0103 notifici deschiderea centrului de lucru la <strong>Direc\u021bia Provincial\u0103 a Ministerului Muncii<\/strong> \u0219i s\u0103 ob\u021bii cartea de oaspe\u021bi pentru inspec\u021bii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"certificatul-digital-un-instrument-esen\u021bial\">Certificatul digital \u2013 un instrument esen\u021bial<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ob\u021binerea unui <strong>certificat digital<\/strong> este extrem de util\u0103. Acesta permite:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>semnarea documentelor online,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>depunerea declara\u021biilor fiscale,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>interac\u021biunea rapid\u0103 cu institu\u021biile publice.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Este recomandat s\u0103 \u00eel solici\u021bi \u00eenc\u0103 de la \u00eenceput pentru a evita deplas\u0103rile inutile \u0219i pentru a digitaliza complet rela\u021bia cu autorit\u0103\u021bile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"sprijin-pentru-antreprenorii-debutan\u021bi\">Sprijin pentru antreprenorii debutan\u021bi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Spania ofer\u0103 sprijin pentru antreprenori, mai ales pentru cei care \u00ee\u0219i \u00eenfiin\u021beaz\u0103 prima <strong>afacere \u00een Spania<\/strong>. Acestea pot fi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>reduceri de taxe pentru Aut\u00f3nomos,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>granturi \u0219i subven\u021bii regionale,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>programe de formare \u0219i mentorat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Fiecare comunitate autonom\u0103 are propriile m\u0103suri de sprijin. Te \u00eencuraj\u0103m s\u0103 consul\u021bi site-ul administra\u021biei locale pentru informa\u021bii actualizate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pentru a facilita \u00een\u021belegerea procesului de deschidere a unei firme \u00een Spania, v\u0103 recomand\u0103m s\u0103 consulta\u021bi resursele oficiale oferite de Ambasada Spaniei \u00een Rom\u00e2nia. Acestea ofer\u0103 informa\u021bii detaliate despre ob\u021binerea Num\u0103rului de Identificare Fiscal\u0103 (NIF) \u0219i a Num\u0103rului de Identificare pentru Str\u0103ini (NIE), esen\u021biale \u00een procesul de \u00eenfiin\u021bare a unei companii.\u200b <a href=\"https:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Embajadas\/bucarest\/ro\/ServiciosConsulares\/Paginas\/Numar-de-identificare-fiscala.aspx?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ministry of Foreign Affairs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"concluzie\">Concluzie<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Deschiderea unei <strong>firme \u00een Spania<\/strong> poate fi o oportunitate extraordinar\u0103 pentru dezvoltare profesional\u0103 \u0219i personal\u0103. Procesul este simplificat \u0219i prietenos cu antreprenorii, mai ales dac\u0103 urmezi corect to\u021bi pa\u0219ii descri\u0219i mai sus. Alegerea \u00eentre un <strong>Aut\u00f3nomo<\/strong> sau un <strong>SRL<\/strong> depinde de obiectivele tale, \u00eens\u0103 ambele op\u021biuni sunt viabile \u00een 2025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vrei s\u0103 afli mai multe despre via\u021ba \u00een Spania, op\u021biuni de carier\u0103 sau transferuri de bani rapide \u0219i sigure? Intr\u0103 pe <a href=\"https:\/\/develop.wpvip.tgalpha.com\/ro\/blog\">blogul <strong>TransferGo<\/strong><\/a> \u0219i descoper\u0103 articole practice \u0219i actualizate pentru rom\u00e2nii din diaspora!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mult succes,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vlad MARIN<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dac\u0103 \u00ee\u021bi dore\u0219ti s\u0103 \u00ee\u021bi \u00eencepi o afacere \u00een Spania, procesul este mai accesibil dec\u00e2t ai crede, mai ales pentru cet\u0103\u021benii din Uniunea European\u0103. Indiferent dac\u0103 vrei s\u0103 te lansezi ca antreprenor individual sau s\u0103 deschizi un SRL \u00een Spania, ai nevoie doar de o bun\u0103 organizare \u0219i de urmarea unor pa\u0219i clari \u0219i bine [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":28654,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1318],"tags":[],"business_case_studies_tags":[],"class_list":["post-15277","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-afaceri"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/develop.wpvip.tgalpha.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Untitled-design-17.png","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/develop.wpvip.tgalpha.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15277","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/develop.wpvip.tgalpha.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/develop.wpvip.tgalpha.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/develop.wpvip.tgalpha.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/develop.wpvip.tgalpha.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15277"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/develop.wpvip.tgalpha.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15277\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":170744,"href":"https:\/\/develop.wpvip.tgalpha.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15277\/revisions\/170744"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/develop.wpvip.tgalpha.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/28654"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/develop.wpvip.tgalpha.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15277"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/develop.wpvip.tgalpha.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15277"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/develop.wpvip.tgalpha.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15277"},{"taxonomy":"business_case_studies_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/develop.wpvip.tgalpha.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/business_case_studies_tags?post=15277"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}